Relationship between Oral Health Care and Happiness in Dental Hospital Patients

 

So-YounAn¹, Youn-Soo Shim², So-Young Park³*

¹Dept. Pediatric Dentistry, College of dentistry, WonKwang University and Wonkwang dental research institute, 77, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon,35233, Korea

²Dept. Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Sciences Sunmoon University,70, Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si,Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, Korea

^*3Dept. Dental Hygiene, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Korea

 

ABSTRACT:

Background/Objectives: This study is to suggest the oral health promotion plan for the happy life by grasping the close relation between oral health care and happiness in dental hospital patients.

Methods/Statistical analysis: The subjects of this study were selected as patients who came to some dental hospitals in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The subjects were selected as the convenience sampling method and the purpose of the study was explained to the patient. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to subjects voluntarily participating in the study. The responses to the questionnaires were 359 respondents, excluding 19 who responded unfairly to the 378respondents.

Findings: Overall happiness was 3.55 points. Among the items of euphoria, the feeling of happiness felt at home was the highest at 4.17 points. Secondly, the feeling of happiness felt when social life was good was 3.89 points. The next was the feeling of happiness when feeling healthy, and the feeling of happiness when feeling economical.The relationship between oral health care and overall happiness is as follows. Significant variables were the number of toothbrushes per day and oral health education. The overall happiness was higher when the number of brushings per day was more than 3 times. Overall oral well-being was high when they received oral health education. The explanatory power of the variables was 52.1.The overall happiness was higher with more intake of clean food and protection food, and the explanatory power of the variable was 55.0.Overall happiness was higher with more intake of Clean food and Protection food, and the explanatory power of the variable was 55.0.

Improvements/Applications:Oral health education should be actively pursued so that the proper method and frequency of tooth brushing of Dental Hospital Patients, and the use of oral hygiene products.

 

 

1. INTRODUCTION:

Happiness is related to the quality of life, the satisfaction of life, and subjective well-being. In general, happiness is a subjective experience, and a person who recognizes more positive emotions than negative emotions is regarded as a happy person¹. Eutrophication is an integral factor in maintaining and promoting mental health through a holistic assessment of the quality of one's life according to the criteria chosen by oneself. The most important factors to meet this are financial, family, friends, and health factors ². Happiness is an important factor of happiness because of economic stability, smooth family relationship with others, presence of social life, and a positive factor in giving positive meaning to the health and good character of self and family and feeling happiness. Therefore, health is important for happiness, and oral health is very important for complete health³. Oral health depends not only on the biological factors directly involved in the disease but also on the oral health-related factors. This is explained in detail by personal characteristics, social and regional context, oral health care, and environmental conditions⁴.Healthy oral condition leads to social life activation, self-confidence recovery, etc., which can improve the quality of life and happiness. Correct systemic health care and oral health practices are essential for the prevention of various diseases and the maintenance of normal life. In particular, patients presenting to dental clinics are more exposed to oral diseases than do non-patients and lack oral hygiene, which is important for maintaining or promoting oral health⁵. For the oral health of dental hospitals requiring oral health care, the practice of preventing and managing desirable health and oral health is an important issue. The oral health of a dental hospital patient affects the happiness of life positively, so oral health is an essential requirement to live a happy life. Therefore, in order to lead a happy life of a dental hospital patient, it is necessary to investigate the status of oral health management as a determinant of oral health level, to provide a basis for improving their oral health and to prove their validity do. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health care and happiness in dental hospital patients and to identify the factors related to oral health that affect overall well being.

 

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

2.1. Framework of research:

2.1.1. Research subject and method:

The subjects of this study were selected as patients who came to some dental hospitals in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The subjects were selected as the convenience sampling method and the purpose of the study was explained to the patient. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to subjects voluntarily participating in the study. The responses to the questionnaires were 359 respondents, excluding 19 who responded unfairly to the 378respondents.

 

2.1.2. Statistical analysis:

The survey items used in this study were items on oral health care and happiness. Questions about oral health care were oral examinations during the past year, scaling during the past year, number of brushings per day, use of oral hygiene products, and oral health education. According to previous studies, the requirements for happiness vary, but survival conditions such as health, money, and human relationships are important determinants²⁾. Therefore, based on previous studies, the items related to happiness were composed as follows. The details of euphoria were euphoria of the state of health, euphoria of financial status, euphoria of family life, social life (work, school, religion, hobby, group meeting, etc. The degree of perceived happiness was examined, and the happiest condition was classified as 5 points and the most unfortunate as 1 point. Cronbach's alpha for items related to happiness was 0.782.In addition, the overall happiness item is composed of 5 points: "I am satisfied with my life and I am very satisfied" and "I am not satisfied". The average of happiness was obtained. Frequency analysis of oral health care items was conducted. The explanatory power of the model was identified using the multiple regression coefficient(R²). The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS Window Program 19.0 version.

 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

3.1Oral health care of the subject:

The results of this study were as follows [Table 1].317 patients (88.3%) were regularly receiving oral examinations.100 patients (27.9%) were consistently receiving scaling once a year. There were 307 (85.5%) patients who had brushing more than 3 times a day. The number of patients using oral hygiene products was 309 (86.1%).283 patients (78.8%) had oral health education. The intake of cariogenic food more than 3 times a week was 197 (54.9%).The intake of clean food more than 3 times a week was 48 (13.4%).The intake of the protection food more than 3 times a week was 76 (21.2%).

 

Table 1: Oral health care of the subject

Variables		N	%
Oral examination	Yes	317	88.3
	No	42	11.7
Scaling	Yes	100	27.9
	No	259	72.1
Tooth brushing frequency	<3	52	14.5
	≥3	307	85.5
Oral hygiene devices	Yes	309	86.1
	No	50	13.9
Oral health education	Yes	283	78.8
	No	76	21.2
Cariogenic food	Yes	197	54.9
	No	162	45.1
Clean food	Yes	48	13.4
	No	311	86.6
Protection food	Yes	76	21.2
	No	283	78.8
Total		359	100.0

3.2 Average of happiness:

The average of the subjects' happiness was as follows [Table2]. Overall happiness was 3.55 points. Among the items of euphoria, the feeling of happiness felt at home was the highest at 4.17 points. Secondly, the feeling of happiness felt when social life was good was 3.89 points. The next was the feeling of happiness (3.80 points) when feeling healthy, and the feeling of happiness (3.60 points) when feeling economical.

 

Table 2: Average of  happiness

Variables	M±SD
Health condition	3.80±0.97
Economic condition	3.60±1.05
Family life	4.17±1.03
Social life	3.89±1.13
Overall happiness	3.55±1.36

 

3.3 Average of oral health care food:

The average of oral health care food is as follows [Table 3]. Among the oral health care foods, Clean food was the highest with 1.86 points. The second was 1.78 for protection food and the third was 1.45 for cariogenic food.

 

Table 3: Average of oral healthcare food

Variables	M±SD
Cariogenic food	1.45±0.49
Clean food	1.86±0.40
Protection food	1.78±0.34

 

3.4 Happiness by oral health care:

The difference in euphoria according to the oral health care of the subjects was as follows [Table 4]. There were differences in economic condition, family life, and social life happiness according to oral examinations (p <0.01), and economic condition, family life, and social life happiness were higher when regular oral examinations were received. According to scaling, there was a difference in economic condition happiness (p <0.01), and Economic condition euphoria was higher when scaling was regularly received. Health condition, Economic condition, Family life, Social life euphoria (p <0.01), and Health condition, Economic condition, Family life and Social life happiness when using oral hygiene products Respectively. There was a difference in family life and social life happiness according to the oral health education (p <0.01), and family life and social life happiness were higher when they received oral health education.

 

There was a difference in health condition, economic condition, family life and social life happiness according to intake of cariogenic food (p <0.01), and health condition, economic condition, family life and social life happiness Respectively. There was a difference in family life and social life happiness according to intake of clean food (p <0.01), and family life and social life happiness were higher when high intake of clean food was taken. There was a difference in family life and social life happiness according to the intake of the protection food (p <0.01), and the family life and social life happiness were higher when the protection food was high.

 

 

Table 4: Happiness by oral health care

Variables	Health condition	Economic condition	Family life	Social life
	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	Mean±SD
Oral examination
Yes	3.87±0.95	3.67±1.03	4.27±0.94	3.96±1.07
No	3.31±1.00	3.10±1.07	3.43±1.36	3.36±1.39
t(p)	3.527***	3.388**	5.116***	3.292**
Scaling
Yes	3.74±1.03	3.70±1.03	4.09±1.13	3.78±1.15
No	3.83±0.95	3.36±1.05	4.20±0.99	3.93±1.12
t(p)	-0.748	-2.762**	-0.910	-1.156
Tooth brushing frequency
<3	3.92±1.02	3.73±1.12	3.98±1.16	3.96±1.13
≥3	3.78±0.97	3.58±1.03	4.20±1.00	3.88±1.13
t(p)	0.963	0.937	-1.429	0.482
Oral hygiene devices
Yes	3.85±0.96	3.66±1.05	4.28±0.96	3.98±1.07
No	3.50±1.03	3.28±0.94	3.52±1.23	3.32±1.31
t(p)	2.369*	2.367*	4.946***	3.915***
Oral health education
Yes	3.82±0.96	3.66±1.04	4.31±0.88	4.02±1.04
No	3.74±1.03	3.41±1.06	3.64±1.34	3.42±1.32
t(p)	0.655	1.842	5.164***	4.162***
Cariogenic food
Yes	3.68±0.96	3.44±1.03	4.02±1.10	3.77±1.13
No	3.96±0.97	3.81±1.04	4.36±0.91	4.04±1.12
t(p)	-2.738**	-3.385**	-3.165**	-2.218*
Clean food
Yes	3.67±0.95	3.46±0.92	4.25±0.97	3.95±1.09
No	3.82±0.98	3.63±1.07	3.67±1.24	3.48±1.28
t(p)	-1.031	-1.035	-3.687**	-2.729**
Protection food
Yes	3.74±1.03	3.41±1.06	4.31±0.88	4.02±1.04
No	3.82±0.96	3.66±1.04	3.64±1.34	3.42±1.32
t(p)	-0.655	-1.842	-5.164***	-4.162***

 

3.5 Relationship between oral health care and overall well-being:

The relationship between oral health care and overall happiness is as follows [Table 5]. Significant variables were the number of toothbrushes per day and oral health education. The overall happiness was higher when the number of brushings per day was more than 3 times. Overall oral well-being was high when they received oral health education. The explanatory power of the variables was 52.1.

 

The overall happiness was higher with more intake of clean food and protection food, and the explanatory power of the variable was 55.0.Overall happiness was higher with more intake of Clean food and Protection food, and the explanatory power of the variable was 55.0.

 

Table 5: Relationship between oral health care and overall well-being

Variables	B	β	P
Constant	6.197		0.000
Oral examination	-0.121	-0.028	0.594
Scaling	-0.229	-0.075	0.156
Tooth brushing frequency	0.618	0.160	0.003**
Oral hygiene devices	-0.275	-0.070	0.207
Oral health education	0.538	0.161	0.003**
R2=0.652, AdR2=0.521,F=4.901
Constant	1.464		0.002
Cariogenic food	0.149	0.096	0.068
Clean food	0.427	0.128	0.024*
Protectionfood	0.462	0.115	0.043*

R²=0.558, AdR²=0.550, F=7.253

 

It is necessary to have social concern about oral health which is directly connected with the happy life of patients of dental hospital, and it should help to improve happiness by providing a way to practice health care by oneself. In particular, the oral health of dental hospital patients is relatively large in the past due to oral disease, so maintaining and promoting oral health for improving their happiness is of utmost importance.

 

When the number of brushing is large, oral health education shows higher overall happiness. Patients in the dental hospital showed a tendency to avoid interpersonal problems due to difficulties in correct authoring, poor self-esteem, difficulty in conversation, and difficulties in oral health care ^6,7. It will contribute to lowering the happiness of life by continuing mental illness caused by lowering of masticatory function and loneliness caused by decrease of interpersonal relationship. In addition, subjective oral health status is reported to be associated with general health such as obesity, and deterioration of systemic and oral health is thought to affect the decrease in euphoria⁸.

 

In this study, a high euphoria was obtained when a large amount of clean food and protected food were consumed. Nutrition is closely related to the generation and increase of dental plaque, a cause of periodontal disease. Alveolar bone is sensitive to changes in protein and mineral metabolism, collagen is needed for bone hardening, food protein is a very important factor in maintaining the health of tooth support structures, and protein deficiency in food intake is responsible for cementoblast, And the osteoblast-like cells⁹.

 

In addition, vegetables and fruits are vitamin C's representative source food. It protects the enamel from the tooth surface bacteria membrane by promoting the host defense period by leukocyte, protects the oral soft tissue from infection by bacterial toxin or antigen, And it helps to clean the oral cavity. However, in the case of deficiency of vegetables and fruits, the gingiva shows bleeding when swollen and brushing, and in severe cases, the degree of tooth irritation is increased and the teeth must be extracted. The relationship between dietary habits and periodontal disease can be summarized as a decrease in saliva secretion in the absence of nutritional status and a favorable environment for bacterial growth, leading to the adherence of large amounts of dental bacterial membranes¹⁰.

 

4. CONCLUSION:

Oral health care has increased the number of brushes per day and oral health education has increased overall happiness. If you receive oral health education, you will realize the importance of gydbfwjr oral health and voluntary participation. After receiving oral health education, you will become aware of the importance of oral health knowledge and oral health and will thoroughly manage oral hygiene, such as brushing. This is believed to help improve oral health and increase happiness. Therefore, oral hygiene education should be actively promoted for systematic oral health education for dental hospital patients because it is possible to implement proper brushing method, use of oral hygiene products and proper number of brushing.

 

5. REFERENCES:

1.        Ryan RM, Deci E L, On Happiness and Human Potentials : A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being, Annual Review of Psychology, 2001, 52(1), pp. 141-166.

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4.        Sheiham A, Watt R G, The Common Risk Factor Approach: A Rational Basis for Promoting Oral Health, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2000, 28(6), pp. 399-406.

5.        Nunnv M E, Understanding the Etiology of Periodontitis: An Overview of Periodontal Risk Factors, Periodontology 2000, 2003, 32(1), pp. 11-23.

6.        Smith J M, Sheiham A, How Dental Conditions Handicap the Elderly, Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1979, 7(6),pp. 305-310.

7.        Buhlin K, Gustafsson A, Hakansson J, Klinge B, Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease in Sweden, Results of a National Questionnaire Survey, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2002,  29(3), pp. 254-259.

8.        Shtereva N, Aging and Oral Health related to Quality of Life in Geriatric Patients, Rejuvenation Res, 2006, 9(2), pp. 355-357.

9.        Bowden GH W, Li YH, Nutritional Influences on Biofilm Development, Adv Dent Res, 1997, 11(1),pp. 81-99.

10.     Mamai-Homata E, Polychronopoulou A, Topitsoglou V, Oulis C, Athanassouli T, Periodontal Diseases in Greek Adults between 1985 and 2005 Risk Indicators, Int Dent J, 2010, 60(4),pp. 293-299.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 12.12.2017            Modified on 24.12.2017

Accepted on 20.01.2018         © RJPT All right reserved